P&I Overview

Reference

Although the P&I clubs emerged in the 19th century and, to some extent, are connected with the development of maritime law and practice, the number of sites available on the web with their historical account does not do justice to the importance of such a class of insurance in the maritime industry.

Since most books dealing with the formation and background of the clubs have been written long before the internet, it is unlikely that they will be digitized and made available on the web soon. Therefore, those interested in serious research on P&I will have to turn to printed material, such as those published by the P&I clubs (circulars, rules, annual reports etc.) and the relatively sparse number of books addressing this topic.

Apart from the clubs, the following publications have been consulted as a source of information for this section:

• Comer, David – “Market Position of Mutual Insurance” (London, 1991)
• Gold, Edgar – “Gard Handbook on P&I Insurance” (Arendal, 2002)
• Hope, Ronald – “A New History of British Shipping” (London, 1990)
• Imaizumi, Takatada – “The Origin of the Indemnity Clubs in the UK” (Tokyo, 1984)
• Ledwith, Frank – “Ships Afloat in the City” (London, 1977)
• McGrane, James J. – “Bilbroughs” (London, 1994)
• Young, Peter – “Mutuality: The Story of the UK P&I Club” (Cambridge, 1995)